Senin, 02 April 2012

Fashionated-Most be popular

Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, foot wear, or accessories. "Fashion" refers to current trends in look and dress up of a person, as well as to prevailing styles in behavior. The more technical term, "costume," has become so linked in the public eye with the term "fashion" that the more general term "costume" has in popular use mostly been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term "fashion" means clothing generally, and the study of it. For a broad cross-cultural look at clothing and its place in society, refer to the entries for clothing, costume, and fabrics. The remainder of this article deals with clothing fashions in the Western world.



An important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines and commentary can be found in magazines, newspapers, on television, fashion websites, social networks and in fashion blogs.
At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential on people than in the past. In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public clothing taste. Talented illustrators drew exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty. Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).
Vogue, founded in the US in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after World War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap colour printing in the 1960s led to a huge boost in its sales, and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream women's magazines—followed by men's magazines from the 1990s. Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting the ready-to-wear and perfume lines, heavily advertised in the magazines, that now dwarf their original couture businesses. Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashion features. In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows such as Fashion-television started to appear. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including fashion blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the fashion industry.
However, over the past several years, fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial writing with user-generated content. Online magazines like iFashion Network, and Runway Magazine, led by Nole Marin from America's Next Top Model, have begun to dominate the market with digital copies for computers, iPhones and iPads. Example platforms include Apple and Android for such applications.
A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a close, The New Islander's Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers. "Because designers release their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue always and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on shorts in January," she writes. "Savvy shoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying."
Ethnic Fashion is defined as the Fashion of Multicultural groups such as African-American, Hispanics, Asians, etc. Examples of Ethnic Designer are FUBU, BabyPhat, FatFarm, Sean John, Etc. It is estimated that Ethnic Fashion has contributed over 20 Billion dollars in revenues.
Within the fashion industry, intellectual property is not enforced as it is within the film industry and music industry. To "take inspiration" from others' designs contributes to the fashion industry's ability to establish clothing trends. For the past few years, WGSN has been a dominant source of fashion news and forecasts in steering fashion brands worldwide to be "inspired" by one another. Enticing consumers to buy clothing by establishing new trends is, some have argued, a key component of the industry's success. Intellectual property rules that interfere with the process of trend-making would, on this view, be counter-productive. In contrast, it is often argued that the blatant theft of new ideas, unique designs, and design details by larger companies is what often contributes to the failure of many smaller or independent design companies.
Since fakes are distinguishable by their inherent poorer quality, there is still a demand for luxury goods. And as only a trademark or logo can be copyrighted for clothing and accessories, many fashion brands make this one of the most visible aspects of the garment or accessory

HIV's Effect


       H IV has its effect all over the body including the human skin which is the most obvious HIV symptom. There, it takes the form of red pigmentation or continual growth of pimples. Patches similar to tropical fungal skin infections or eczema can also grow because of HIV infection. It has been studied that 90% of the people who have contracted HIV, haveexperienced some type of skin infections. Still the best way to determine if a person is infected by HIV virus or not is by carry out a HIV Test using a HIV Kit / HIV Test Kit.
However, doctors say, that HIV rashes are not a subject of concern because they are not contagious. These rashes do not rupture like chicken pox. These rashes cannot be apparently seen, as they usually grow in the shoulder and chest area. More over, proper medication can easily treat HIV rashes. Most of the time, other types of pre existing rashes, accompany HIV rashes.

HIV rashes occur due to two reasons
    When one have contracted HIV virus
    When one consumes medications that are used to treat HIV virus.
However, not every unusual rash means the presence of HIV. Rashes can also occur in HIV positive people due to drug eruption, Kaposi Sarcoma lesion and Herpes infection. Nevertheless, it is alwayswise to consult the dermatologist. Though people belonging to the high-risk groups like, homosexuals, IDUs, people with multiple sex partners should always visit a doctor whenever they encounter any symptoms of unusual rash on any part of their skin.

The salient features of HIV rash are:
  •     They are slightly protruded, dark brown, small, and quite similar to maculopapular rashes.
  •     They mostly grow in the human trunk, shoulder and occasionally on our limbs.
  •     Fever, diarrhea, headaches, muscle pain, enlarged limb nodes and white patches in the mouth may accompany HIV rashes.
  •     It lasts for hardly 2 weeks and never appears during the dormant phase of the disease.
  •     It may or may not have itching sensations.
  •     Acute HIV rashes can lead to peeling of the upper layer of the skin, coupled with sores and blisters.

When does HIV rash grow?????
Rashes are the symptoms of the primary stages of the HIV infection. The infection grow during the period of sero-conversion, when the antibodies may develop which is about two or three weeks after the contraction of HIV. If HIV test is done during the existence of HIV rashes, then there is more possibility for the diagnostic test to be more precise. The tinges of the virus and presence of HIV antibodies can be easily located in this stage. Therefore, this is the best time for the highly risked groups to go for the test, in order to get a more accurate result.

Relief from HIV rashes ???
  •     Stay away from direct sunlight or extreme heat
  •     Similarly, even extreme cold should be avoided.
  •     One should not stop, start or pause the intake of rash treatment medication, without the consent of the doctor
  •     Over the counter medications like Benadryl, Hydrocortisone cream may be used to curb the itching tendencies.
  •     Unprotected sex can lead to contagious rashes. Therefore people belonging to the high risk groups, should indulge in safe   sex.

Recognize HIV/AIDS should be attacked


HIV / AIDS
AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease that
caused by the virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is characterized by symptoms
the immune system. AIDS can be said to be a collection of signs / symptoms
or a syndrome that occurs due to a decrease in the acquired immune
or infected / infected, not inborn. AIDS patients vulnerable to infection
opportunistic (infection caused by germs that are on the state of the immune system
normal body does not happen) and cancer and is usually fatal.
Causes of HIV / AIDS
The cause of AIDS is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a type of virus
Belonging to retrovirus RNA. The main basis of HIV infections is reduced
type of white blood cells (T helper lymphocytes) that contains the marker CD4 (Cells T4). Lymphocytes
T4 has a central and primary cells are involved directly or indirectly
induces in many immune functions, so that the abnormalities
Functional in T4 cells would lead to signs of impaired immune response.
Once HIV enters a person's body, HIV can be obtained from lifosit mainly lymphocytes
T4, monocytes, glial cells, macrophages and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients.
Signs and symptoms of HIV / AIDS
The presence of HIV in a person's body can not be seen from the outside appearance. Person
who are infected will not show any symptoms for long periods of relative
length (± 7-10 years) after contracting HIV. This is called the latent period. The person
still healthy and able to work as usual even though the blood contains
With HIV. This is a worrying period for public health, because people
unconsciously infected can transmit the virus to others. Of the latent
then go into a state of AIDS with the following symptoms:
•  The main signs (major) include weight loss of more than 10% in
a short time, prolonged fever for more than a month, and chronic diarrhea
for more than a month
4
•  Additional signs (minor) shall include a prolonged cough for more than one
months, skin disorders (itching), herpes simplex (painful blisters and skin) that
widens and deepens, fungal infections of the mouth and esophagus, and
swollen lymph nodes throughout the body, which is palpable beneath the ear,
neck, axilla, and groin.
Transmission of HIV / AIDS
HIV can be found in all body fluids, but which proved
transmission is through blood, semen and cervical fluid / vagina only. Modes of transmission
HIV / AIDS can be through:
A. Sexual intercourse
2. Receipt of blood or blood products through blood transfusion
3. The use of syringes, medical devices and other puncture device (tattoos, piercing, acupuncture, etc..)
non-sterile
4. Acceptance of organ, tissue or semen
5. Transmission from mother to fetus in their fetus
6. Until now there has been shown to spread through insect bites, drinks, food
or casual contact in families, schools, swimming pools, public toilets or workplace
with people with AIDS
Prevention of Transmission of HIV / AIDS
By knowing how HIV transmission, it will be easier to do
prevention measures. Easily, HIV prevention can be done with
ABCDE formula is:
A = Abstinence, not having sex or not having
intercourse before marriage
B = Being faithful, faithful to one partner, or avoiding multiple partners
sexual
C = Condom, for which risk is always advisable to use condoms correctly
during sexual intercourse
D = Drugs injection, do not use drugs (Drugs) injections with unsterilized needles
or are shared
E = Education, education and health education on matters related
with HIV / AIDS
5
With the increasing incidence of HIV / AIDS required the readiness of the force
to provide assistance and health care in patients with HIV / AIDS. Side
another, with the advancement of science and technology in the field of health, HIV / AIDS that was
is a progressive fatal disease into a chronic disease that shifted to
managed. Although not yet found a drug that can kill the HIV virus completely,
with the discovery of antiretroviral drugs, people with HIV / AIDS could be increased
life expectancy. This effort must be supported by care
adequate in order to achieve optimal quality of life.
Patient Care HIV / AIDS
Care treatment in patients with HIV / AIDS is unique to each individual,
influenced by individual characteristics, stage of development of symptoms being experienced
by people with HIV / AIDS, and public attitudes toward HIV / AIDS. The problems
nursing that is commonly found in people with HIV / AIDS include:
A. The risk of infection (opportunistic infection) in connection with a reduction
immune
2. Tiredness (fatigue) in relation to the HIV infection
3. Acute / chronic with respect to the presence of neuropathy, cancer, infection
4. Nutritional imbalance; less than body requirements with respect to not
appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain with swallowing, pain in the mouth, diarrhea
5. Impaired skin integrity related to infection, cancer
6. Social isolation in relation to fear the spread of the virus, stigma
7. The risk of low self-esteem with respect to changes in body appearance
8. Changes in sexual patterns with respect to the risk of spreading disease
9. Anxiety in relation to lack of knowledge, lack of family support / social
10. Defense responses (coping mechanism) that is not effective with respect to
chronic progressive disease
11. Deep sorrow in connection with a reduction in immune function
or perception of a threat of death
To reduce the risk of getting infections, people living with HIV are encouraged to always
maintain personal hygiene (personal hygienes), maintaining the safety and cleanliness
food and beverages, keeping the environment clean, avoid behavior that
at risk of contracting or transmitting the disease, treatment and run on a regular basis.
6
Fatigue can result from infection, medication, anemia, dehydration, depression, or
due to poor nutrition. Fatigue can be managed in a way to intersperse activities
resting, prepare the schedule of activities / jobs that require a lot of effort made
when the condition is more energetic. A diet high in calories, high in protein and
vitamin and mineral supplements.
During HIV infection progresses, patients generally stay at home.
Hospitalization may be required for certain times during the episode
acute. As the disease continues to evolve, patients need serious treatment of the family or
community nurse (community nurse). The nurse will help to make
physical care, building a therapeutic relationship, and coordinate care
with other health team members. Various facilities in the community should
recognized. When the patient is in terminal phase, maintenance support
comfort and emotional support to patients and families is needed.

Jumat, 03 Februari 2012

cara menyelamatkan bumi



 upaya pelestarian lingkungan
  1. Jangan menggunakan listrik untuk penerangan atau peralatan kecuali jika anda benar-bnar sedang menggunakannya, jika tidak menggunakannya matikanlah !
  2. Menggunakan lampu luorescent (neon) yang hemat energi.
  3. Pergunakan penerangan, pembangkit listrik, unit-unit pemanas bertenaga surya.
  4. Manfaatkan lebih banyak penerangan cahaya alam.
  5. Pergunakan ventilasi yang struktural untuk penyejuk ruangan daripada menggunakan Air Condition (AC)
  6. Pergunakan air dingin, bukan air panas.
  7. Pastikan peralatan bertenaga listrik tetap efisien dan terawat dengan baik
  8. Pengendalian penerangan, alat pendingin udara secara otomatis, misal dengan alat sensor cahaya
  9. Pergunakan alat-alat pematul cahaya untuk menggantikan lampu penerangan.
  10. Pergunakan film pelapis kaca atau rayban untuk mengurangi panas matahari.
  11. Tanamlah tanaman sebanyak mungin di kebun anda untuk mengurangi karbondiosida.
  12. Jangan membakar apa saja, bahkan rokok.
  13. Lengkapi mobil atau motor anda dengan katalisator.
  14. Jika anda menghentikan kendaraan dalam waktu yang tidak lama, jangan matikan mesin kendaraan anda.
  15. Kurangi bawaan pada kendaraan anda untuk mengurangi beban, bahkan mengeluarkan sebatang pensil dari kendaraanpun akan membantu.
  16. Jangan membuang sesuatu yang dapat di daur ulang, seperti kaleng aluminium dan kertas. Simpan dan berikan pemulung untuk dijual kembali.
  17. Meminimalisir penggunaan styrofoam (gabus sintetik) untuk bungkus makanan.
  18. Lihat dan periksa kembali jika anda menggunakan aerosol, cat, AC, apakah mengandung khlorofluorokarbon (CFC).
  19. Jangan beli barang apapun yang langsung dibuang sesudah dipakai sekali, jika ada barang sejenis yang dapat dibeli sebagai investasi jangka panjang.
  20. Belilah produk yang anda sukai sehingga produk tersebut tidak perlu diganti sampai benar-benar rusak dan tidak dapat dipakai kembali.
  21. Cobalah untuk tidak memiliki barang yang hanya memiliki nilai estetika saja.
  22. Berhati-hati dengan barang plastik yang anda beli karena ada beberapa jenis plastik tidak dapat di daur ulang.
  23. Bawalah tas anda sendiri jika hendak berbelanja yang terbuat dari kain atau kanvas untuk mengurangi produk plastik.
  24. Katakan pada seseorang jika anda melihatnya membuang sampah secara sembarangan.
  25. Jangan sekali-sekali memotong tanaman atau menebang pohon karena tetumbuhan membantu menyelamatkan bumi.
  26. Sirami taman anda dengan air hujan, buat sistem tadah hujan.
  27. Pergunakan air sehemat mungkin untuk mencuci kendaraan dan menyiram kebun anda.
  28. Pisahkan sampah yang dapat di daur ulang dan tidak.
  29. Jangan membuang sampah kedalam saluran air, terusan air, sungai dan laut.
  30. Jangan gunakan bahan kimia terutama bahan detergen dan bahan pembersih yang mengandung phospat.
  31. Pakailah bahan pengganti zat kimia dalam rumah misal jus lemon dicampur dengan garam,cuka dan amoniak.
  32. Jangan menggunakan air lebih dari yang anda perlukan.
  33. Apabila mungkin, air di daur ulang.
  34. Jangan menggunakan air untuk membersihkan halaman jika dapat dibersihkan dengan sapu.
  35. Pastikanlah agar keran bekerja dengan baik dan pergunakan pancuran yang mengalir pelan.
  36. Periksa pembilas toilet berada dalam keadaan baik untuk menghindarkan pembilasan yang tidak perlu.
  37. Simpan air bekas dan mesin cuci pakaian untuk mencuci kendaraan anda.
  38. Biasakan meminum air dengan tidak menyisakan air dalam gelas.
  39. Jangan melakukan perjalanan, kecuali anda terpaksa melakukannya.
  40. Jangan melakukan perjalanan dengan kendaraan pribadi, kecuali jika anda memang terpaksa.
  41. Pergunakan kendaraan umum untuk mengurangi kemacetan, karbon monoksida dan ongkos parkir.
  42. Pergunakan sepeda, jika jarak yang ditempuh relatif dekat.
  43. Pergunakan bahan bakar yang bebas timah (unleaded fuel)
  44. Pergunakan bahan bakar beroktan rendah.
  45. Mengkonversi mesin kendaraan anda untuk memakai gas alam yang dipadatkan.
  46. Merawat mesin dengan teratur.
  47. Pilih kendaraan yang menggunakan bahan bakar paling efisien.
  48. Jika hendak mencetak (nge-print) periksa setting print terlebih dahulu, pergunakan cetak draft untuk menghemat tinta.
  49. Pergunakan dibalik kertas yang telah terpakai untuk kebutuhan intern.
  50. Jangan pergunakan gambar-gambar yang yang tidak dibutuhkan dalam sebuah tulisan, karena gambar membutuhkan tinta yang lebih.
  51. Pilih jenis dan ukuran huruf yang standart.
  52. Jangan mempergunakan pupuk yang mengandung zat kimia atau penyalahgunaan pestisida.
  53. Pergunakan bahan kimia untuk tanaman herbisida dan fungisida seefisien mungkin.
  54. Mulailah menanam tanaman dengan teknik hidroponik (ditanam tanpa menggunakan tanah dan hanya memberi gizi secukupnya di dalam air.
  55. Untuk pedagang keliling, jangan menghidupkan alat-alat yang menimbulkan suara bising, kecuali untuk memberikan demonstrasi kepada konsumen.
  56. Menghindarkan musik pengiring ditempat-tempat publik.
  57. Jangan mengoperasikan peralatan pada jam-jam puncak istirahat.
  58. Hindari memperdengarkan musik bersuara keras, sehingga mengaburkan bunyi pengumuman yang penting.
  59. Pastikan bahwa peralatan benar-benar kedap suara dan diservis untuk memperkecil suara bising.
  60. Pakailah alat penutup telinga jika bekerja pada mesin yang bersuara bising.
  61. Pastkan agar produk yag menimbulkan suara mengeluarkan suara sekecil mungkin atau diisolasi.
  62. Gunakanlah alat-alat musik pada tingkat suara yang wajar dan tidak memekakkan telinga.
  63. Jangan menempel poster,atribut organisasi atau hal-hal yang berbau promosi di dinding atau tembok di area publik.
  64. Hindari pemasangan tanda penunjuk atau rambu lebih dari satu sehingga orang tidak dibingungan dengan rambu itu.
  65. Pasanglah reklame atau baliho pada tingkat kewajaran.
  66. Jangan bangun pabrik yang menimbulkan pencemaran di daerah pemukiman.
  67. Pastikan adanya prasarana yang memadai untuk pembuangan seluruh limbah.
  68. Meminimalisir tingkat asap beracun dan limbah cair yang rendah.
  69. Cari informasi dari pemerintah mengenai standar pencemaran udara dan air yang dapat diterima.
  70. Pergunakan bahan bakar yang paling sedikit menimbulkan pencemaran.
  71. Pergunakan teknologi pembersih atau anti pencemaran yang ada untuk menjaga agar prosesing pabrik anda menjadi bersih.
  72. Hindarkan pemakaian bahan-bahan beracun, kecuali jika hal tersebut sangat diperlukan sekali.
  73. Jangan menanam limbah beracun tanpa nasehat ahli.
  74. Jangan membuang limbah beracun di luar pabrik anda.
  75. Jangan membakar limbah industri di tempat terbuka. (Berbagai Sumber)
Apapun yang anda lakukan dan apapun yang anda beli, pikirkan apakah anda merusak lingkungan kita?

Rabu, 18 Januari 2012

International Action’s Southeast water project takes off


In collaboration with fellow Clinton Global Initiative Haiti Action Network member Architecture for Humanity, International Action has installed the first clean water system for the Southeast water project at École La Dignité, a primary school in the town of Cayes-Jacmel. École La Dignité, headed by Mrs. Vivianne Vieux, is the only free private school in Jacmel. The school supports 8 localities, some of which are 3 km away from the school, including Corrail Soult, Nan Model and La Pierre. The school currently has 227 students from grades 1-6, but will now open its doors to students in grades 7 and 8.
École La Dignité École La Dignité
International Action has installed a 2,000-gallon water tank and chlorinator at the school. According to Mrs. Vieux, the new clean water infrastructure means that her students will no longer go thirsty or have to worry about waterborne illnesses. Mrs. Vieux is also very happy that her students will no longer have to climb the steep hill home with buckets of water on their heads, because they now have clean water in their neighborhood.
After the school day is done, moreover, Ecole La Dignite serves as a community center for local fishing communities, art programs, and church groups. All of these people will have access to the clean water provided by International Action’s water system.
International Action’s Southeast water project aims to install clean water infrastructure in 50 schools in the region. École La Dignité is the first beneficiary. That’s one down, and 49 more to go.
Water tank at École La Dignité

Give Clean Water to Many Haitians in Port-au-Prince through Our Haitian Group

After the Earthquake two weeks ago, a local Haitian group developed a system in which they are helping to deliver water to Haitians. Haitians are helping Haitians. The Haitian group Dlo Pwop (clean water in creole) is affiliated with International Action. Dlo Pwop/International Action supplies 200,000 Haitians with one gallon of clean water each day.

Rabu, 21 Desember 2011

Makna Hari Ibu



Pada Bulan Desember tepatnya tanggal 22 selalu diperingati Hari Ibu, dan tidak hanya di Indonesia saja di Amerika
pun setiap minggu ke dua di bulan Mei diperingati juga sebagai hari ibu yang dikenal dengan nama Mother Day.
Walaupun beda tetapi mengandung arti atau makna yang sama, kata ibu disini mencangkup Ibu, Nenek maupun
Calon Ibu.
Sejarah hari ibu di indonesia sendiri dimulai dengan diadakannya kongres pertama organisasi-organisasi wanita di
Jogjakarta pada tanggal 22 Desember 1928