Recognize HIV/AIDS should be attacked

HIV / AIDS
AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease that
caused by the virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is characterized by symptoms
the immune system. AIDS can be said to be a collection of signs / symptoms
or a syndrome that occurs due to a decrease in the acquired immune
or infected / infected, not inborn. AIDS patients vulnerable to infection
opportunistic (infection caused by germs that are on the state of the immune system
normal body does not happen) and cancer and is usually fatal.
Causes of HIV / AIDS
The cause of AIDS is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a type of virus
Belonging to retrovirus RNA. The main basis of HIV infections is reduced
type of white blood cells (T helper lymphocytes) that contains the marker CD4 (Cells T4). Lymphocytes
T4 has a central and primary cells are involved directly or indirectly
induces in many immune functions, so that the abnormalities
Functional in T4 cells would lead to signs of impaired immune response.
Once HIV enters a person's body, HIV can be obtained from lifosit mainly lymphocytes
T4, monocytes, glial cells, macrophages and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients.
Signs and symptoms of HIV / AIDS
The presence of HIV in a person's body can not be seen from the outside appearance. Person
who are infected will not show any symptoms for long periods of relative
length (± 7-10 years) after contracting HIV. This is called the latent period. The person
still healthy and able to work as usual even though the blood contains
With HIV. This is a worrying period for public health, because people
unconsciously infected can transmit the virus to others. Of the latent
then go into a state of AIDS with the following symptoms:
•  The main signs (major) include weight loss of more than 10% in
a short time, prolonged fever for more than a month, and chronic diarrhea
for more than a month
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•  Additional signs (minor) shall include a prolonged cough for more than one
months, skin disorders (itching), herpes simplex (painful blisters and skin) that
widens and deepens, fungal infections of the mouth and esophagus, and
swollen lymph nodes throughout the body, which is palpable beneath the ear,
neck, axilla, and groin.
Transmission of HIV / AIDS
HIV can be found in all body fluids, but which proved
transmission is through blood, semen and cervical fluid / vagina only. Modes of transmission
HIV / AIDS can be through:
A. Sexual intercourse
2. Receipt of blood or blood products through blood transfusion
3. The use of syringes, medical devices and other puncture device (tattoos, piercing, acupuncture, etc..)
non-sterile
4. Acceptance of organ, tissue or semen
5. Transmission from mother to fetus in their fetus
6. Until now there has been shown to spread through insect bites, drinks, food
or casual contact in families, schools, swimming pools, public toilets or workplace
with people with AIDS
Prevention of Transmission of HIV / AIDS
By knowing how HIV transmission, it will be easier to do
prevention measures. Easily, HIV prevention can be done with
ABCDE formula is:
A = Abstinence, not having sex or not having
intercourse before marriage
B = Being faithful, faithful to one partner, or avoiding multiple partners
sexual
C = Condom, for which risk is always advisable to use condoms correctly
during sexual intercourse
D = Drugs injection, do not use drugs (Drugs) injections with unsterilized needles
or are shared
E = Education, education and health education on matters related
with HIV / AIDS
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With the increasing incidence of HIV / AIDS required the readiness of the force
to provide assistance and health care in patients with HIV / AIDS. Side
another, with the advancement of science and technology in the field of health, HIV / AIDS that was
is a progressive fatal disease into a chronic disease that shifted to
managed. Although not yet found a drug that can kill the HIV virus completely,
with the discovery of antiretroviral drugs, people with HIV / AIDS could be increased
life expectancy. This effort must be supported by care
adequate in order to achieve optimal quality of life.
Patient Care HIV / AIDS
Care treatment in patients with HIV / AIDS is unique to each individual,
influenced by individual characteristics, stage of development of symptoms being experienced
by people with HIV / AIDS, and public attitudes toward HIV / AIDS. The problems
nursing that is commonly found in people with HIV / AIDS include:
A. The risk of infection (opportunistic infection) in connection with a reduction
immune
2. Tiredness (fatigue) in relation to the HIV infection
3. Acute / chronic with respect to the presence of neuropathy, cancer, infection
4. Nutritional imbalance; less than body requirements with respect to not
appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain with swallowing, pain in the mouth, diarrhea
5. Impaired skin integrity related to infection, cancer
6. Social isolation in relation to fear the spread of the virus, stigma
7. The risk of low self-esteem with respect to changes in body appearance
8. Changes in sexual patterns with respect to the risk of spreading disease
9. Anxiety in relation to lack of knowledge, lack of family support / social
10. Defense responses (coping mechanism) that is not effective with respect to
chronic progressive disease
11. Deep sorrow in connection with a reduction in immune function
or perception of a threat of death
To reduce the risk of getting infections, people living with HIV are encouraged to always
maintain personal hygiene (personal hygienes), maintaining the safety and cleanliness
food and beverages, keeping the environment clean, avoid behavior that
at risk of contracting or transmitting the disease, treatment and run on a regular basis.
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Fatigue can result from infection, medication, anemia, dehydration, depression, or
due to poor nutrition. Fatigue can be managed in a way to intersperse activities
resting, prepare the schedule of activities / jobs that require a lot of effort made
when the condition is more energetic. A diet high in calories, high in protein and
vitamin and mineral supplements.
During HIV infection progresses, patients generally stay at home.
Hospitalization may be required for certain times during the episode
acute. As the disease continues to evolve, patients need serious treatment of the family or
community nurse (community nurse). The nurse will help to make
physical care, building a therapeutic relationship, and coordinate care
with other health team members. Various facilities in the community should
recognized. When the patient is in terminal phase, maintenance support
comfort and emotional support to patients and families is needed.